That’s what Jack Kirby had him doing in BLACK PANTHER #s 1-7, originally published in 1976-1977 and collected in BLACK PANTHER BY JACK KIRBY VOLUME 1. Kirby abandoned that approach in the second half of his run, and thus, for the VOLUME 2 stories (originally published in 1977-1978), we find the Panther back in the fictional African country of.

• Black Panther By Jack Kirby Vol 1

Jungle Action is the name of two American comic book series published by Marvel Comics and its 1950s precursor, Atlas Comics. The Marvel version contained the first series starring the Black Panther, the first blacksuperhero in mainstream comics, created by the writer/artist team of Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in Fantastic Four #52 (July 1966).

• 1Atlas Comics
• 2Marvel Comics

Atlas Comics[edit]

Publication history[edit]

The first series – published during a time of few superheroes, when comics featured an enormous assortment of genres – was a multi-character omnibus that ran six issues (Oct. 1954 – Aug. 1955). Each starred the blond-haired, TarzanesqueLo-Zar, Lord of the Jungle (renamed 'Tharn' in 1970s reprints, presumably to avoid confusion with Marvel's modern-day Ka-Zar);^[1]Jungle Boy, the teenaged son of a renowned hunter;^[2]Leopard Girl, created by writer Don Rico and artist Al Hartley;^[3] and Man-Oo the Mighty, the jungle-protector gorilla hero of narrated nature dramas. The giant sentient snake Serpo was an antagonist common to most, lending some tangential geographic continuity.^[4][5]

Leopard Girl – a scientist's assistant named Gwen who was never given a last name – wore a skintight full-body leotard.

The four series' stories were called by one critic 'painful to a modern eye, racist, ridiculous and old-fashioned',^[6] was drawn by Joe Maneely, John Forte, Al Hartley, and Paul Hodge, respectively.^[5]

Additional Atlas jungle titles[edit]

Two brethren titles were published by Atlas. The seven-issue Jungle Tales (Sept. 1954 – Sept. 1955) introduced Marvel's first African hero – Waku, Prince of the Bantu, who predated the Black Panther by nearly a dozen years.^[7] It was renamed and continued as Jann of the Jungle from #8–17 (Nov. 1955 – June 1957).^[8]

The second title, Lorna, the Jungle Queen, renamed Lorna, the Jungle Girl with issue #6, ran 26 issues (July 1953 – August 1957).^[9]

Marvel Comics[edit]

Publication history[edit]

The company's second series of this name premiered with an issue cover-dated October 1972 and containing reprints of the same-name Atlas Comics title, with stories of white jungle adventurers. There was little market for these types of stories at the time, and the new Jungle Action was one of a wave of low-cost series that Marvel pushed out in the 1970s in a bid to capture shelf space from competing comics publishers.^[10]

Don McGregor, who was then proofreading all of Marvel's publications, noted to the editorial staff that the series' preponderance of white protagonists in African settings was culturally outdated to the point of being incongruous.^[10] Marvel responded by assigning McGregor to write original material for Jungle Action, with the only creative restriction being that the stories must be set in Africa.^[10] Thus an actual African protagonist, the superhero the Black Panther, took over the starring feature with issue #5, a reprint of the Panther-centric story in the superhero-team comic The Avengers #62 (March 1969). A new series began running the following issue, written by McGregor,^[11] with art by pencilersRich Buckler, Gil Kane, and Billy Graham, and which gave inkers Klaus Janson and Bob McLeod some of their first professional exposure. Comics historian Les Daniels observed that, 'The scripts by Don McGregor emphasized the character's innate dignity.'^[12] The critically well-received^[13] series ran in Jungle Action #6–24 (Sept. 1973–Nov. 1976).^[14]

One now-common innovation McGregor pioneered was that of the self-contained, multi-issue story arc.^[6] The first, 'Panther's Rage', ran through the first 13 issues,^[15] initially as 13- to 15-page stories. Starting with Jungle Action #14, they were expanded to 18- to 19-page stories; there was additionally a 17-page epilogue. The length of the story arc coupled with the series' bimonthly schedule made it difficult for readers to keep characters and subplots fresh in their memories, but Jungle Action nonetheless maintained passable if modest sales and was popular with the desirable college-student demographic.^[10] Two decades later, writer Christopher Priest's 1998 series The Black Panther utilized Erik Killmonger, Venomm, and other characters introduced in this arc.

Critic Jason Sacks has called the arc 'Marvel's first graphic novel', saying,

[T]here were real character arcs in Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four [comics] over time. But ... 'Panther's Rage' is the first comic that was created from start to finish as a complete novel. Running in two years' issues of Jungle Action (#s 6 through 18), 'Panther's Rage' is a 200-page novel that journeys to the heart of the African nation of Wakanda, a nation ravaged by a revolution against its king, T'Challa, the Black Panther.^[6]

The second and final arc, 'Panther vs. the Klan', ran as mostly 17-page stories in Jungle Action #19–24 (Jan.–Nov. 1976), except for issue #23, a reprint of Daredevil #69 (Oct. 1970), in which the Black Panther guest-starred.^[14] The subject matter of the Ku Klux Klan was considered controversial in the Marvel offices at the time, creating difficulties for the creative team.^[16]

Writer Dwayne McDuffie said of the Jungle Action 'Black Panther' series:

This overlooked and underrated classic is arguably the most tightly written multi-part superhero epic ever. ... It's damn-near flawless, every issue, every scene, a functional, necessary part of the whole. Okay, now go back and read any individual issue. You'll find seamlessly integrated words and pictures; clearly introduced characters and situations; a concise (sometimes even transparent) recap; beautifully developed character relationships; at least one cool new villain; a stunning action set piece to test our hero's skills and resolve; and a story that is always moving forward towards a definite and satisfying conclusion. That's what we should all be delivering, every single month. Don [McGregor] and company did it in only 17-story pages per issue.^[13]

Due to low sales and deadline problems, Jungle Action was cancelled with issue #24.^[10] 'Panther vs. the Klan' was abandoned mid-story and Marvel relaunched the Black Panther in a self-titled series, with Jack Kirby – newly returned to Marvel after having decamped to rival DC Comics for a time – as writer, artist, and editor starting with cover-date January 1977. Marvel reasoned that though Jungle Action wasn't selling well, the starring character might still be successful if given a new approach.^[17] 'Panther vs. the Klan' was later picked up as a subplot in Black Panther #14–15 (March–May 1979), the final two issues of that series before finally being concluded in Marvel Premiere #51–53 (Dec. 1979 – April 1980). However, these later chapters were written not by McGregor but by Ed Hannigan. The original conclusion to 'Panther vs. the Klan' was never completed, though work had started on what would have been Jungle Action #25, and in a 2008 interview McGregor said that he still has Rich Buckler's layouts for the issue.^[10]

In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked McGregor's run on Jungle Action third on its list of the 'Top 10 1970s Marvels'.^[15]

Collected editions[edit]

• Marvel Masterworks: Jungle Adventure
  • Volume 2 includes Jungle Action #1–3, 272 pages, June 2011, ISBN978-0785150121
  • Volume 3 includes Jungle Action #4–6, 280 pages, February 2013, ISBN978-0785159278
• Marvel Masterworks: The Black Panther collects Jungle Action vol. 2, #6–22 and #24, 352 pages, July 2010, ISBN978-0785141983
• Essential Black Panther collects Jungle Action vol. 2, #6–22 and #24 and Black Panther #1–10, 528 pages, May 2012, ISBN978-0785163237
• The Official Marvel Graphic Novel Collection #116 collects the Panther's Rage arc from Jungle Action vol. 2, May 2016, ISBN978-1909766556
• Black Panther Epic Collection: Panther's Rage collects Fantastic Four #52–53 and Jungle Action vol. 2, #6–24, 400 pages, October 2016, ISBN978-1302901905

References[edit]

1. ^'Lo-Zar'. An International Catalogue of Superheroes. n.d. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015.
2. ^'Jungle Boy'. An International Catalogue of Superheroes. n.d. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015.
3. ^'Leopard Girl'. An International Catalogue of Superheroes. n.d. Archived from the original on March 24, 2015.
4. ^Nevins, Jess. 'Man-Oo the Mighty'. A Guide to Marvel's Pre-FF #1 Heroes. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014.
5. ^ ^abJungle Action (Marvel, 1954 series) at the Grand Comics Database
6. ^ ^abcSacks, Jason. 'Panther's Rage: Marvel's First Graphic Novel'. FanboyPlanet.com. Archived from the original on February 2, 2011. Additional .
7. ^'Jungle Tales #1 (Sept. 1954)'. Grand Comics Database.
8. ^Jungle Tales at the Grand Comics Database
9. ^Lorna, the Jungle Queen at the Grand Comics Database and Lorna, the Jungle Girl at the Grand Comics Database
10. ^ ^abcdefStewart, Tom (April 2008). 'The Blackest Panther: Don McGregor in the Jungles of Wakanda'. Back Issue!. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing (27): 57–61.
11. ^Sanderson, Peter; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2008). '1970s'. Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 160. ISBN978-0756641238. Marvel assigned Don McGregor, a uniquely talented writer, to write this series. McGregor's initial idea for this Black Panther series was an ambitious thirteen-part storyline.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
12. ^Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. New York, New York: Harry N. Abrams. p. 158. ISBN9780810938212.
13. ^ ^abMcDuffie, Dwayne. 'To Be Continued'. (column #3) Dwayne McDuffie official site. Archived from the original on December 8, 2010.
14. ^ ^abJungle Action (Marvel, 1973 series) at the Grand Comics Database
15. ^ ^abSacks, Jason (September 6, 2010). 'Top 10 1970s Marvels'. Comics Bulletin. Archived from the original on February 2, 2013. Retrieved February 3, 2013. Running in two years' issues of Jungle Action (#s 6 through 18, cover-dated Sept. 1973 – Nov. 1975), 'Panther's Rage' is a 200-page novel that journeys to the heart of the African nation of Wakanda, a nation ravaged by a revolution against its king, T'Challa, the Black Panther.
16. ^McGregor, Don (2010). 'Panther's Chronicles (introduction)'. Marvel Masterworks: The Black Panther. New York, New York: Marvel Comics. pp. xii–xii (unnumbered). ISBN978-0785141983.
17. ^Stewart, Tom (April 2008). 'Jungle Adventure! Jack Kirby Arrives'. Back Issue!. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing (27): 62.

External links[edit]

• Jungle Action at Atlas Tales
• Jungle Action vol. 2 at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original)
• Jungle Action vol. 2 at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators

Black Panther is here, and it is everything we hoped it would be and more. The first film is packed with antagonists, many of which have defined the character in comics for decades. Whether it’s the vengeful Killmonger, maddening Klaw, or jealous M’Baku, the movie helped offer a definitive take on many of T’Challa’s longest-running adversaries. Watching such a great array of villains take the screen for their very first time is enough to make anyone wonder whether they’re the best Wakanda has to offer and what others might be lurking in wait for a sequel.

That’s why we’ve compiled a list of the eight greatest Black Panther villains. These are all foes from the comics that can be defined as belonging to King T’Challa’s rogues gallery. While he has had notable fights with the likes of Kraven the Hunter or Doctor Doom, they’re ultimately part of the Spider-Man or Fantastic Four’s stories at Marvel Comics. We wanted to focus on the foes that Black Panther can either claim entirely for himself or shares in a definitive way. So if you’re wondering who might pop up in a sequel or how these new MCU villains stack up, we've got you covered.

Created by Jack Kirby and Stan Lee

First Appearance: Avengers (vol. 1) #4

The second villain Black Panther ever fought in comics was an iteration of Baron Zemo when he met Captain America. While Zemo is normally defined as part of Cap’s rogues gallery, this instance, his connection with Black Panther at Marvel Studios, and everything the character stands for makes him just as much a Black Panther villain. Zemo is a symbol of white supremacy and the callous neglect of a leader. It’s why we hope he will face off against a far better ruler in the form of the Panther again, just to watch Zemo fail.

Created by Don McGregor and Billy Graham

First Appearance: Jungle Action (vol. 2) #10

King Cadaver has only appeared in a handful of comics, but he’s a real hidden gem among the large catalog of Black Panther comics in existence. The foe was warped by radiation from a typical human into a monstrous form with psychic powers. He has served at the behest of Killmonger and commanded some fearsome lieutenants, including Baron Macabre and Lord Karnaj. There is a lot of potential in this deformed Wakandan who pursued power above all else and reflects the terrible price of that pursuit.

Created by Christopher Priest and Mark Texeira

First Appearance: Black Panther (vol. 3) #3

Achebe offers an almost silly appearance, but his origins and actions reveal a much more fearsome foe. In the Christopher Priest run of Black Panther, Achebe was said to have murdered every human being to ever encounter the wife that betrayed and left him for dead. His dedication and taste for sadism make him a determined and frightening villain. He’s also a more than capable manipulator who can play the role of politician and lead an army to conquer Wakanda, just as well as he can craft devious death traps.

Created by Christopher Priest and Mark Texeira

First Appearance: Black Panther (vol. 3) #4

There are already hints that some form of the White Wolf will appear in sequels to Black Panther. In the comics, this anti-hero is the adopted white brother of T’Challa. He was raised by T’Chaka after his parents crashed in Wakanda and is incredibly loyal to the state. However, his dedication to militancy leads him into conflict with his step-brother as they believe very different actions will protect Wakanda. It makes for a conflict that’s much more complex than the standard oppositional nature of hero and villain. We hope to see the White Wolf appear in future Marvel movies in some form to explore this relationship.

Created by Bill Everett

First Appearance: Motion Picture Funnies Weekly

Over the past 10 years, Black Panther and Namor have developed one of the most engaging rivalries in all of superhero comics. They have come into conflict both as kings and teammates, working to serve their own countries and the needs of the secretive Illuminati. The results have been destructive on personal and global levels. Attacks on Wakanda and Atlantis, as well as the complete destruction of alternate Earths have stemmed from their vicious battles. It’s a relationship that focuses on both characters more as rulers than heroes, and does a great job of showing how complex that role is.

Created by Roy Thomas and John Buscema

First Appearance: Avengers (vol. 1) #62

There’s no greater native rivalry in Wakanda than that between T’Challa and M’Baku. T’Challa’s grace, intelligence, and forethought are given a dark mirror in the strength-focused and blunt nature of M’Baku. In the comics, M’Baku became the villainous Man-Ape, transforming his very nature into something animalistic in order to attack Black Panther. The new Black Panther films has helped to redefine the character into a more nuanced ruler and someone we hope to see much more of in future Marvel films.

Created by Jack Kirby and Stan Lee

First Appearance: Fantastic Four (vol. 1) #53

Klaw is the original Black Panther villain. He is the colonial oppressor who sought to conquer Wakanda and almost succeeded. His actions resulted in the death of King T’Chaka and shaped T’Challa into the man he would become. As the man became a being of pure sound, his psyche was slowly vibrated to pieces, and he has become a more dangerous, but less consistent version of the pure villain he once was. Klaw is one of the all-time great Marvel villains both for his importance to Black Panther lore and his versatility over the years.

Created by Don McGregor and Rich Buckler

First Appearance: Jungle Action (vol. 2) #6

Black Panther By Jack Kirby Vol 1

As important as Klaw might be, there’s no better Black Panther villain than Erik Killmonger a.k.a. N’Jadaka. Klaw is an outsider while Killmonger is the dark reflection of the Wakandan dream. The enslaved son of a captured Wakandan in the comics, he suffered all the exploitation and fear that T’Challa would never know. These vastly different lives helped shape two very different philosophies, both of which can be understood and sympathized with. The new Black Panther film captures the essence of Killmonger and why he is the greatest Black Panther villain. It’s not because he’s evil, but because he has a point, one that will change both the Panther and Wakanda.